If you’ve recently started learning photography, you’ve probably come across the term “RAW file” or seen it mentioned in camera settings. At first glance, RAW might seem intimidating—after all, it takes up more space and requires editing software to view properly. But understanding what RAW files are, and when to use them, can significantly improve the quality and flexibility of your photography.
This article will explore what RAW files are, how they compare to JPEGs, and why every beginner should consider shooting in RAW—even if you’re not editing like a pro just yet.
What Is a RAW File?
A RAW file is an uncompressed and unprocessed image file that captures all the data your camera’s sensor sees when you take a photo. Think of it as a digital negative. Unlike JPEGs, which are processed and compressed inside the camera, RAW files retain full detail, color depth, and exposure information.
RAW files allow you to make powerful adjustments in post-processing, such as:
- Fixing exposure mistakes
- Recovering shadows and highlights
- Adjusting white balance without loss of quality
- Enhancing detail and reducing noise
Most DSLR and mirrorless cameras offer the option to shoot in RAW, JPEG, or both.
RAW vs. JPEG: What’s the Difference?
Let’s break down the core differences between these two formats:
| Feature | RAW | JPEG |
|---|---|---|
| File Size | Large (20MB–100MB per image) | Small (2MB–10MB per image) |
| Compression | None | Compressed (with data loss) |
| Image Quality | Maximum detail and flexibility | Reduced quality and dynamic range |
| Color Depth | 12–14 bit | 8 bit |
| Editing Capability | Extensive | Limited |
| Ready to Use | No (requires editing software) | Yes (ready out of camera) |
| Storage Demand | High | Low |
In summary:
- RAW = quality and flexibility
- JPEG = convenience and speed
Benefits of Shooting in RAW
1. Greater Dynamic Range
RAW files retain a higher dynamic range than JPEGs, meaning they capture more detail in both the shadows and highlights. If you accidentally overexpose a sky or underexpose a dark scene, you can recover those details during editing.
2. Non-Destructive Editing
When editing RAW files, the original data remains untouched. All edits are saved in a separate file (or sidecar file), meaning you can always return to the original image. JPEGs, on the other hand, degrade with every save and re-edit.
3. Better Color Correction
White balance in JPEGs is locked in. But with RAW, you can adjust white balance after the fact—warm up a cool shot or fix odd lighting with no quality loss. This is especially useful in mixed lighting conditions, such as indoor events or nighttime photography.
4. Sharper Details and Less Noise
RAW files retain more detail and provide better control over sharpening and noise reduction. You can decide how much noise reduction to apply, instead of relying on your camera’s automatic settings that might smudge or blur fine textures.
5. Ideal for Print and Portfolio Work
If you plan to print your work or use it in professional settings, RAW ensures the highest quality output. You’ll have full control over every detail and can output high-resolution, print-ready images.
Downsides of Shooting in RAW
1. Larger File Sizes
RAW files are significantly larger than JPEGs, which means:
- Your memory card fills up faster
- You’ll need more storage space on your computer
- Uploading or transferring files takes longer
For travel or casual snapshots, this may be a hassle.
2. Requires Post-Processing
Unlike JPEGs, which are processed in-camera and ready to share immediately, RAW files must be edited using software like:
- Adobe Lightroom
- Adobe Camera Raw
- Capture One
- Darktable (free and open-source)
This adds time to your workflow and requires some editing knowledge.
3. Slower Performance
Because RAW files are bigger, some cameras shoot fewer images per second in burst mode compared to JPEG. If you’re photographing fast action, like sports or wildlife, this may be a factor.
4. Compatibility
You can’t open RAW files in just any software. Each camera brand has its own RAW format (e.g., CR2 for Canon, NEF for Nikon, ARW for Sony). You’ll need compatible software or converters to work with them.
When Should Beginners Shoot in RAW?
Shooting in RAW is most beneficial when:
- You’re photographing important moments (e.g., weddings, portraits)
- You plan to edit your photos
- You’re shooting in difficult lighting
- You want to grow your post-processing skills
- You want the best quality for prints or online portfolios
However, if you’re low on storage, in a rush, or simply taking casual snapshots, JPEG might be the better choice for that moment.
Best of Both Worlds: RAW + JPEG
Most modern cameras allow you to shoot in RAW + JPEG mode, which saves both versions of every photo. This gives you the convenience of JPEGs and the flexibility of RAW—perfect for beginners still learning the editing process.
Keep in mind that this setting uses more memory and can slow down burst shooting speeds.
How to Start Shooting in RAW
Here’s how to change your camera settings to shoot in RAW:
Canon
- Go to the menu
- Navigate to Image Quality
- Select RAW or RAW + JPEG
Nikon
- Press Menu
- Go to Photo Shooting Menu
- Choose Image Quality
- Select NEF (RAW) or NEF + JPEG
Sony
- Press Menu
- Find File Format
- Choose RAW or RAW + JPEG
After taking RAW photos, transfer them to your computer and open them using an editing program. Start with Lightroom, which offers an intuitive workflow for adjusting exposure, white balance, contrast, sharpness, and more.
Essential Tips for Editing RAW Files
- Shoot with editing in mind – Compose and expose for flexibility.
- Don’t overdo edits – Natural enhancements go further than extreme filters.
- Use presets carefully – Many programs include beginner-friendly presets to speed up your workflow.
- Zoom in to 100% when checking sharpness and noise.
- Export as JPEG or TIFF after editing to share or print.
Final Thoughts: Is RAW Right for You?
If you’re serious about improving your photography and want more control over your images, learning to shoot and edit RAW is one of the most valuable steps you can take.
Yes, there’s a learning curve—and yes, it takes time and space. But the ability to fine-tune every aspect of your photo, correct mistakes, and deliver professional-quality work makes RAW an essential tool in every photographer’s journey.
Even if you’re not ready to use RAW for every photo, experimenting with it now will prepare you for more advanced projects later. And as your editing skills improve, you’ll begin to appreciate the depth and potential that RAW truly offers.